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in the following terms:-
"The political status of the individual is called his national character, his civil status is referred to by the term domicile." (page 241).
"National character
depends upon the will of the State. To divest himself of the national charac- ter he acquired at the time of his birth, an individ- ual must in many cases obtain the consent of his own Government, and to acquire a new national character the consent of the country of his adoption is always necessary." (page 246).
"National character confers benefits, and imposes duties on the individual. It entitles him to the protection of his country wherever he may be, but it requires him to fulfil the duties of supporting the State, or defending it against its enemies. The extent to which States will protect their subjects, or claim their allegiance when abroad depends entirely upon the discretion and municipal laws of each. A Government can always refuse to protect one of its subjects, if it considers that his conduct has shown an intention of renouncing all ties and fulfilling no duties towards his country. It mav, also, in case he comes within jurisdiction, force him to fulfil any obligations incurred before he quitted it. If he has acquired another national character, without his native State renouncing its authority over him, the claims of each State to him can only be determined by treaty, if any exist, or by diplomatic action between the Governments concerned." (page 246).
6. Unfortunately the rules governing political
nationality vary in different countries. To quote Westlake in his "Private International Law" (page 376):
"These rules are far from being the same in all countries
They result almost everywhere from a conflict between the feudal principle of allegiance determined by fifth on the soil, and the Roman principle of citizenship determined
by descent: but the respective proportions in which these principles are combined, and the methods used for combining them, differ widely."
7. Westlake, on page 385 of the same work, goes
on to say:
"Nationality is always in principle single, and where a person is claimed by two States, ither from a conflid between the jus soli and the jus sanguinis or for any other reason, we are in presence of jarring claims to his entire allegiance. So far as in either State its claim has to be dealt with by its courts of law, it will be enforced in accordance with the law of that State on its national character. But so far as the claim
has to
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